/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

/// The DOM is made up of Rust types whose lifetime is entirely controlled by the whims of
/// the SpiderMonkey garbage collector. The types in this module are designed to ensure
/// that any interactions with said Rust types only occur on values that will remain alive
/// the entire time.
///
/// Here is a brief overview of the important types:
/// - JSRef<T>: a freely-copyable reference to a rooted value.
/// - JS<T>: a pointer to JS-owned memory that can automatically be traced by the GC when
///          encountered as a field of a Rust structure.
/// - Temporary<T>: a value that will remain rooted for the duration of its lifetime.
///
/// The rule of thumb is as follows:
/// - All methods return Temporary<T>, to ensure the value remains alive until it is stored
///   somewhere that is reachable by the GC.
/// - All functions take &JSRef<T> arguments, to ensure that they will remain uncollected for
///   the duration of their usage.
/// - All types contain JS<T> fields and derive the Encodable trait, to ensure that they are
///   transitively marked as reachable by the GC if the enclosing value is reachable.
/// - All methods for type T are implemented for JSRef<T>, to ensure that the self value
///   will not be collected for the duration of the method call.
///
/// Both Temporary<T> and JS<T> do not allow access to their inner value without explicitly
/// creating a stack-based root via the `root` method. This returns a Root<T>, which causes
/// the JS-owned value to be uncollectable for the duration of the Root type's lifetime.
/// A JSRef<T> can be obtained from a Root<T> either by dereferencing the Root<T> (`*rooted`)
/// or explicitly calling the `root_ref` method. These JSRef<T> values are not allowed to
/// outlive their originating Root<T>, to ensure that all interactions with the enclosed value
/// only occur when said value is uncollectable, and will cause static lifetime errors if
/// misused.
///
/// Other miscellaneous helper traits:
/// - OptionalRootable and OptionalRootedRootable: make rooting Option values easy via a `root` method
/// - ResultRootable: make rooting successful Result values easy
/// - TemporaryPushable: allows mutating vectors of JS<T> with new elements of JSRef/Temporary
/// - OptionalSettable: allows assigning Option values of JSRef/Temporary to fields of Option<JS<T>>
/// - RootedReference: makes obtaining an Option<JSRef<T>> from an Option<Root<T>> easy

use dom::bindings::utils::{Reflector, Reflectable, cx_for_dom_object};
use dom::node::Node;
use dom::xmlhttprequest::{XMLHttpRequest, TrustedXHRAddress};
use js::jsapi::{JSObject, JS_AddObjectRoot, JS_RemoveObjectRoot};
use layout_interface::TrustedNodeAddress;
use script_task::StackRoots;

use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
use std::kinds::marker::ContravariantLifetime;
use std::mem;

/// A type that represents a JS-owned value that is rooted for the lifetime of this value.
/// Importantly, it requires explicit rooting in order to interact with the inner value.
/// Can be assigned into JS-owned member fields (ie. JS<T> types) safely via the
/// `JS<T>::assign` method or `OptionalSettable::assign` (for Option<JS<T>> fields).
pub struct Temporary<T> {
    inner: JS<T>,
}

impl<T> Eq for Temporary<T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Temporary<T>) -> bool {
        self.inner == other.inner
    }
}

#[unsafe_destructor]
impl<T: Reflectable> Drop for Temporary<T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        let cx = cx_for_dom_object(&self.inner);
        unsafe {
            JS_RemoveObjectRoot(cx, self.inner.mut_reflector().rootable());
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Reflectable> Temporary<T> {
    /// Create a new Temporary value from a JS-owned value.
    pub fn new(mut inner: JS<T>) -> Temporary<T> {
        let cx = cx_for_dom_object(&inner);
        unsafe {
            JS_AddObjectRoot(cx, inner.mut_reflector().rootable());
        }
        Temporary {
            inner: inner,
        }
    }

    /// Create a new Temporary value from a rooted value.
    pub fn from_rooted<'a>(root: &JSRef<'a, T>) -> Temporary<T> {
        Temporary::new(root.unrooted())
    }

    /// Create a stack-bounded root for this value.
    pub fn root<'a, 'b>(self) -> Root<'a, 'b, T> {
        let collection = StackRoots.get().unwrap();
        unsafe {
            (**collection).new_root(&self.inner)
        }
    }

    unsafe fn inner(&self) -> JS<T> {
        self.inner.clone()
    }

    //XXXjdm It would be lovely if this could be private.
    pub unsafe fn transmute<To>(self) -> Temporary<To> {
        mem::transmute(self)
    }
}

/// A rooted, JS-owned value. Must only be used as a field in other JS-owned types.
pub struct JS<T> {
    ptr: *T
}

impl<T> Eq for JS<T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &JS<T>) -> bool {
        self.ptr == other.ptr
    }
}

impl <T> Clone for JS<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn clone(&self) -> JS<T> {
        JS {
            ptr: self.ptr.clone()
        }
    }
}

impl JS<Node> {
    /// Create a new JS-owned value wrapped from an address known to be a Node pointer.
    pub unsafe fn from_trusted_node_address(inner: TrustedNodeAddress) -> JS<Node> {
        let TrustedNodeAddress(addr) = inner;
        JS {
            ptr: addr as *Node
        }
    }
}

impl JS<XMLHttpRequest> {
    pub unsafe fn from_trusted_xhr_address(inner: TrustedXHRAddress) -> JS<XMLHttpRequest> {
        let TrustedXHRAddress(addr) = inner;
        JS {
            ptr: addr as *XMLHttpRequest
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Reflectable> JS<T> {
    /// Create a new JS-owned value wrapped from a raw Rust pointer.
    pub unsafe fn from_raw(raw: *T) -> JS<T> {
        JS {
            ptr: raw
        }
    }


    /// Root this JS-owned value to prevent its collection as garbage.
    pub fn root<'a, 'b>(&self) -> Root<'a, 'b, T> {
        let collection = StackRoots.get().unwrap();
        unsafe {
            (**collection).new_root(self)
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Assignable<U>, U: Reflectable> JS<U> {
    pub fn from_rooted(root: T) -> JS<U> {
        unsafe {
            root.get_js()
        }
    }
}

//XXXjdm This is disappointing. This only gets called from trace hooks, in theory,
//       so it's safe to assume that self is rooted and thereby safe to access.
impl<T: Reflectable> Reflectable for JS<T> {
    fn reflector<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Reflector {
        unsafe {
            (*self.unsafe_get()).reflector()
        }
    }

    fn mut_reflector<'a>(&'a mut self) -> &'a mut Reflector {
        unsafe {
            (*self.unsafe_get()).mut_reflector()
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Reflectable> JS<T> {
    /// Returns an unsafe pointer to the interior of this JS object without touching the borrow
    /// flags. This is the only method that be safely accessed from layout. (The fact that this
    /// is unsafe is what necessitates the layout wrappers.)
    pub unsafe fn unsafe_get(&self) -> *mut T {
        mem::transmute_copy(&self.ptr)
    }

    /// Store an unrooted value in this field. This is safe under the assumption that JS<T>
    /// values are only used as fields in DOM types that are reachable in the GC graph,
    /// so this unrooted value becomes transitively rooted for the lifetime of its new owner.
    pub fn assign(&mut self, val: Temporary<T>) {
        *self = unsafe { val.inner() };
    }
}

impl<From, To> JS<From> {
    //XXXjdm It would be lovely if this could be private.
    pub unsafe fn transmute(self) -> JS<To> {
        mem::transmute(self)
    }

    pub unsafe fn transmute_copy(&self) -> JS<To> {
        mem::transmute_copy(self)
    }
}


/// Get an Option<JSRef<T>> out of an Option<Root<T>>
pub trait RootedReference<T> {
    fn root_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<JSRef<'a, T>>;
}

impl<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable> RootedReference<T> for Option<Root<'a, 'b, T>> {
    fn root_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<JSRef<'a, T>> {
        self.as_ref().map(|root| root.root_ref())
    }
}

/// Get an Option<Option<JSRef<T>>> out of an Option<Option<Root<T>>>
pub trait OptionalRootedReference<T> {
    fn root_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<Option<JSRef<'a, T>>>;
}

impl<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable> OptionalRootedReference<T> for Option<Option<Root<'a, 'b, T>>> {
    fn root_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<Option<JSRef<'a, T>>> {
        self.as_ref().map(|inner| inner.root_ref())
    }
}

/// Trait that allows extracting a JS<T> value from a variety of rooting-related containers,
/// which in general is an unsafe operation since they can outlive the rooted lifetime of the
/// original value.
/*definitely not public*/ trait Assignable<T> {
    unsafe fn get_js(&self) -> JS<T>;
}

impl<T> Assignable<T> for JS<T> {
    unsafe fn get_js(&self) -> JS<T> {
        self.clone()
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Assignable<T> for JSRef<'a, T> {
    unsafe fn get_js(&self) -> JS<T> {
        self.unrooted()
    }
}

impl<T: Reflectable> Assignable<T> for Temporary<T> {
    unsafe fn get_js(&self) -> JS<T> {
        self.inner()
    }
}

/// Assign an optional rootable value (either of JS<T> or Temporary<T>) to an optional
/// field of a DOM type (ie. Option<JS<T>>)
pub trait OptionalSettable<T> {
    fn assign(&self, val: Option<T>);
}

impl<T: Assignable<U>, U: Reflectable> OptionalSettable<T> for Cell<Option<JS<U>>> {
    fn assign(&self, val: Option<T>) {
        self.set(val.map(|val| unsafe { val.get_js() }));
    }
}


/// Root a rootable Option type (used for Option<Temporary<T>>)
pub trait OptionalRootable<T> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(self) -> Option<Root<'a, 'b, T>>;
}

impl<T: Reflectable> OptionalRootable<T> for Option<Temporary<T>> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(self) -> Option<Root<'a, 'b, T>> {
        self.map(|inner| inner.root())
    }
}

/// Return an unrooted type for storing in optional DOM fields
pub trait OptionalUnrootable<T> {
    fn unrooted(&self) -> Option<JS<T>>;
}

impl<'a, T: Reflectable> OptionalUnrootable<T> for Option<JSRef<'a, T>> {
    fn unrooted(&self) -> Option<JS<T>> {
        self.as_ref().map(|inner| inner.unrooted())
    }
}

/// Root a rootable Option type (used for Option<JS<T>>)
pub trait OptionalRootedRootable<T> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(&self) -> Option<Root<'a, 'b, T>>;
}

impl<T: Reflectable> OptionalRootedRootable<T> for Option<JS<T>> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(&self) -> Option<Root<'a, 'b, T>> {
        self.as_ref().map(|inner| inner.root())
    }
}

/// Root a rootable Option<Option> type (used for Option<Option<JS<T>>>)
pub trait OptionalOptionalRootedRootable<T> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(&self) -> Option<Option<Root<'a, 'b, T>>>;
}

impl<T: Reflectable> OptionalOptionalRootedRootable<T> for Option<Option<JS<T>>> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(&self) -> Option<Option<Root<'a, 'b, T>>> {
        self.as_ref().map(|inner| inner.root())
    }
}


/// Root a rootable Result type (any of Temporary<T> or JS<T>)
pub trait ResultRootable<T,U> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(self) -> Result<Root<'a, 'b, T>, U>;
}

impl<T: Reflectable, U> ResultRootable<T, U> for Result<Temporary<T>, U> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(self) -> Result<Root<'a, 'b, T>, U> {
        self.map(|inner| inner.root())
    }
}

impl<T: Reflectable, U> ResultRootable<T, U> for Result<JS<T>, U> {
    fn root<'a, 'b>(self) -> Result<Root<'a, 'b, T>, U> {
        self.map(|inner| inner.root())
    }
}

/// Provides a facility to push unrooted values onto lists of rooted values. This is safe
/// under the assumption that said lists are reachable via the GC graph, and therefore the
/// new values are transitively rooted for the lifetime of their new owner.
pub trait TemporaryPushable<T> {
    fn push_unrooted(&mut self, val: &T);
    fn insert_unrooted(&mut self, index: uint, val: &T);
}

impl<T: Assignable<U>, U: Reflectable> TemporaryPushable<T> for Vec<JS<U>> {
    fn push_unrooted(&mut self, val: &T) {
        self.push(unsafe { val.get_js() });
    }

    fn insert_unrooted(&mut self, index: uint, val: &T) {
        self.insert(index, unsafe { val.get_js() });
    }
}

/// An opaque, LIFO rooting mechanism.
pub struct RootCollection {
    roots: RefCell<Vec<*mut JSObject>>,
}

impl RootCollection {
    /// Create an empty collection of roots
    pub fn new() -> RootCollection {
        RootCollection {
            roots: RefCell::new(vec!()),
        }
    }

    /// Create a new stack-bounded root that will not outlive this collection
    fn new_root<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable>(&'a self, unrooted: &JS<T>) -> Root<'a, 'b, T> {
        Root::new(self, unrooted)
    }

    /// Track a stack-based root to ensure LIFO root ordering
    fn root<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable>(&self, untracked: &Root<'a, 'b, T>) {
        let mut roots = self.roots.borrow_mut();
        roots.push(untracked.js_ptr);
        debug!("  rooting {:?}", untracked.js_ptr);
    }

    /// Stop tracking a stack-based root, asserting if LIFO root ordering has been violated
    fn unroot<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable>(&self, rooted: &Root<'a, 'b, T>) {
        let mut roots = self.roots.borrow_mut();
        debug!("unrooting {:?} (expecting {:?}", roots.last().unwrap(), rooted.js_ptr);
        assert!(*roots.last().unwrap() == rooted.js_ptr);
        roots.pop().unwrap();
    }
}

/// A rooted JS value. The JS value is pinned for the duration of this object's lifetime;
/// roots are additive, so this object's destruction will not invalidate other roots
/// for the same JS value. Roots cannot outlive the associated RootCollection object.
/// Attempts to transfer ownership of a Root via moving will trigger dynamic unrooting
/// failures due to incorrect ordering.
pub struct Root<'a, 'b, T> {
    /// List that ensures correct dynamic root ordering
    root_list: &'a RootCollection,
    /// Reference to rooted value that must not outlive this container
    jsref: JSRef<'b, T>,
    /// Pointer to underlying Rust data
    ptr: *T,
    /// On-stack JS pointer to assuage conservative stack scanner
    js_ptr: *mut JSObject,
}

impl<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable> Root<'a, 'b, T> {
    /// Create a new stack-bounded root for the provided JS-owned value.
    /// It cannot not outlive its associated RootCollection, and it contains a JSRef
    /// which cannot outlive this new Root.
    fn new(roots: &'a RootCollection, unrooted: &JS<T>) -> Root<'a, 'b, T> {
        let root = Root {
            root_list: roots,
            jsref: JSRef {
                ptr: unrooted.ptr.clone(),
                chain: ContravariantLifetime,
            },
            ptr: unrooted.ptr.clone(),
            js_ptr: unrooted.reflector().get_jsobject(),
        };
        roots.root(&root);
        root
    }

    /// Obtain a safe reference to the wrapped JS owned-value that cannot outlive
    /// the lifetime of this root.
    pub fn root_ref<'b>(&'b self) -> JSRef<'b,T> {
        self.jsref.clone()
    }
}

#[unsafe_destructor]
impl<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable> Drop for Root<'a, 'b, T> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.root_list.unroot(self);
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable> Deref<JSRef<'b, T>> for Root<'a, 'b, T> {
    fn deref<'c>(&'c self) -> &'c JSRef<'b, T> {
        &self.jsref
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b, T: Reflectable> DerefMut<JSRef<'b, T>> for Root<'a, 'b, T> {
    fn deref_mut<'c>(&'c mut self) -> &'c mut JSRef<'b, T> {
        &mut self.jsref
    }
}

impl<'a, T: Reflectable> Deref<T> for JSRef<'a, T> {
    fn deref<'b>(&'b self) -> &'b T {
        unsafe {
            &*self.ptr
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T: Reflectable> DerefMut<T> for JSRef<'a, T> {
    fn deref_mut<'b>(&'b mut self) -> &'b mut T {
        unsafe {
            &mut *(self.ptr as *mut T)
        }
    }
}

/// Encapsulates a reference to something that is guaranteed to be alive. This is freely copyable.
pub struct JSRef<'a, T> {
    ptr: *T,
    chain: ContravariantLifetime<'a>,
}

impl<'a, T> Clone for JSRef<'a, T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> JSRef<'a, T> {
        JSRef {
            ptr: self.ptr.clone(),
            chain: self.chain,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Eq for JSRef<'a, T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &JSRef<T>) -> bool {
        self.ptr == other.ptr
    }
}

impl<'a,T> JSRef<'a,T> {
    //XXXjdm It would be lovely if this could be private.
    pub unsafe fn transmute<'b, To>(&'b self) -> &'b JSRef<'a, To> {
        mem::transmute(self)
    }

    //XXXjdm It would be lovely if this could be private.
    pub unsafe fn transmute_mut<'b, To>(&'b mut self) -> &'b mut JSRef<'a, To> {
        mem::transmute(self)
    }

    pub fn unrooted(&self) -> JS<T> {
        JS {
            ptr: self.ptr
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T: Reflectable> Reflectable for JSRef<'a, T> {
    fn reflector<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Reflector {
        self.deref().reflector()
    }

    fn mut_reflector<'a>(&'a mut self) -> &'a mut Reflector {
        self.deref_mut().mut_reflector()
    }
}