/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

//! Implements parallel traversal over the DOM tree.
//!
//! This traversal is based on Rayon, and therefore its safety is largely
//! verified by the type system.
//!
//! The primary trickiness and fine print for the above relates to the
//! thread safety of the DOM nodes themselves. Accessing a DOM element
//! concurrently on multiple threads is actually mostly "safe", since all
//! the mutable state is protected by an AtomicRefCell, and so we'll
//! generally panic if something goes wrong. Still, we try to to enforce our
//! thread invariants at compile time whenever possible. As such, TNode and
//! TElement are not Send, so ordinary style system code cannot accidentally
//! share them with other threads. In the parallel traversal, we explicitly
//! invoke |unsafe { SendNode::new(n) }| to put nodes in containers that may
//! be sent to other threads. This occurs in only a handful of places and is
//! easy to grep for. At the time of this writing, there is no other unsafe
//! code in the parallel traversal.

#![deny(missing_docs)]

use context::TraversalStatistics;
use dom::{OpaqueNode, SendNode, TElement, TNode};
use rayon;
use scoped_tls::ScopedTLS;
use sharing::STYLE_SHARING_CANDIDATE_CACHE_SIZE;
use smallvec::SmallVec;
use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::mem;
use time;
use traversal::{DomTraversal, PerLevelTraversalData, PreTraverseToken};

/// The maximum number of child nodes that we will process as a single unit.
///
/// Larger values will increase style sharing cache hits and general DOM locality
/// at the expense of decreased opportunities for parallelism. The style sharing
/// cache can hold 8 entries, but not all styles are shareable, so we set this
/// value to 16. These values have not been measured and could potentially be
/// tuned.
pub const WORK_UNIT_MAX: usize = 16;

/// Verify that the style sharing cache size doesn't change. If it does, we should
/// reconsider the above. We do this, rather than defining WORK_UNIT_MAX in terms
/// of STYLE_SHARING_CANDIDATE_CACHE_SIZE, so that altering the latter doesn't
/// have surprising effects on the parallelism characteristics of the style system.
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn static_assert() {
    unsafe { mem::transmute::<_, [u32; STYLE_SHARING_CANDIDATE_CACHE_SIZE]>([1; 8]); }
}

/// A list of node pointers.
///
/// Note that the inline storage doesn't need to be sized to WORK_UNIT_MAX, but
/// it generally seems sensible to do so.
type NodeList<N> = SmallVec<[SendNode<N>; WORK_UNIT_MAX]>;

/// Entry point for the parallel traversal.
#[allow(unsafe_code)]
pub fn traverse_dom<E, D>(traversal: &D,
                          root: E,
                          token: PreTraverseToken,
                          queue: &rayon::ThreadPool)
    where E: TElement,
          D: DomTraversal<E>,
{
    let dump_stats = traversal.shared_context().options.dump_style_statistics;
    let start_time = if dump_stats { Some(time::precise_time_s()) } else { None };
    let mut nodes = NodeList::<E::ConcreteNode>::new();

    debug_assert!(traversal.is_parallel());
    // Handle Gecko's eager initial styling. We don't currently support it
    // in conjunction with bottom-up traversal. If we did, we'd need to put
    // it on the context to make it available to the bottom-up phase.
    let depth = if token.traverse_unstyled_children_only() {
        debug_assert!(!D::needs_postorder_traversal());
        for kid in root.as_node().children() {
            if kid.as_element().map_or(false, |el| el.get_data().is_none()) {
                nodes.push(unsafe { SendNode::new(kid) });
            }
        }
        root.depth() + 1
    } else {
        nodes.push(unsafe { SendNode::new(root.as_node()) });
        root.depth()
    };

    if nodes.is_empty() {
        return;
    }

    let traversal_data = PerLevelTraversalData {
        current_dom_depth: depth,
    };
    let tls = ScopedTLS::<D::ThreadLocalContext>::new(queue);
    let root = root.as_node().opaque();

    queue.install(|| {
        rayon::scope(|scope| {
            traverse_nodes(nodes,
                           DispatchMode::TailCall,
                           root,
                           traversal_data,
                           scope,
                           traversal,
                           &tls);
        });
    });

    // Dump statistics to stdout if requested.
    if dump_stats {
        let slots = unsafe { tls.unsafe_get() };
        let mut aggregate = slots.iter().fold(TraversalStatistics::default(), |acc, t| {
            match *t.borrow() {
                None => acc,
                Some(ref cx) => &cx.borrow().statistics + &acc,
            }
        });
        aggregate.finish(traversal, start_time.unwrap());
        if aggregate.is_large_traversal() {
            println!("{}", aggregate);
        }
    }
}

/// A parallel top-down DOM traversal.
///
/// This algorithm traverses the DOM in a breadth-first, top-down manner. The
/// goals are:
/// * Never process a child before its parent (since child style depends on
///   parent style). If this were to happen, the styling algorithm would panic.
/// * Prioritize discovering nodes as quickly as possible to maximize
///   opportunities for parallelism.
/// * Style all the children of a given node (i.e. all sibling nodes) on
///   a single thread (with an upper bound to handle nodes with an
///   abnormally large number of children). This is important because we use
///   a thread-local cache to share styles between siblings.
#[inline(always)]
#[allow(unsafe_code)]
fn top_down_dom<'a, 'scope, E, D>(nodes: &'a [SendNode<E::ConcreteNode>],
                                  root: OpaqueNode,
                                  mut traversal_data: PerLevelTraversalData,
                                  scope: &'a rayon::Scope<'scope>,
                                  traversal: &'scope D,
                                  tls: &'scope ScopedTLS<'scope, D::ThreadLocalContext>)
    where E: TElement + 'scope,
          D: DomTraversal<E>,
{
    debug_assert!(nodes.len() <= WORK_UNIT_MAX);
    let mut discovered_child_nodes = NodeList::<E::ConcreteNode>::new();
    {
        // Scope the borrow of the TLS so that the borrow is dropped before
        // a potential recursive call when we pass TailCall.
        let mut tlc = tls.ensure(|| traversal.create_thread_local_context());

        for n in nodes {
            // If the last node we processed produced children, spawn them off
            // into a work item. We do this at the beginning of the loop (rather
            // than at the end) so that we can traverse the children of the last
            // sibling directly on this thread without a spawn call.
            //
            // This has the important effect of removing the allocation and
            // context-switching overhead of the parallel traversal for perfectly
            // linear regions of the DOM, i.e.:
            //
            // <russian><doll><tag><nesting></nesting></tag></doll></russian>
            //
            // Which are not at all uncommon.
            if !discovered_child_nodes.is_empty() {
                let children = mem::replace(&mut discovered_child_nodes, Default::default());
                let mut traversal_data_copy = traversal_data.clone();
                traversal_data_copy.current_dom_depth += 1;
                traverse_nodes(children,
                               DispatchMode::NotTailCall,
                               root,
                               traversal_data_copy,
                               scope,
                               traversal,
                               tls);
            }

            let node = **n;
            let mut children_to_process = 0isize;
            traversal.process_preorder(&traversal_data, &mut *tlc, node);
            if let Some(el) = node.as_element() {
                traversal.traverse_children(&mut *tlc, el, |_tlc, kid| {
                    children_to_process += 1;
                    discovered_child_nodes.push(unsafe { SendNode::new(kid) })
                });
            }

            traversal.handle_postorder_traversal(&mut *tlc, root, node,
                                                 children_to_process);
        }
    }

    // Handle the children of the last element in this work unit. If any exist,
    // we can process them (or at least one work unit's worth of them) directly
    // on this thread by passing TailCall.
    if !discovered_child_nodes.is_empty() {
        traversal_data.current_dom_depth += 1;
        traverse_nodes(discovered_child_nodes,
                       DispatchMode::TailCall,
                       root,
                       traversal_data,
                       scope,
                       traversal,
                       tls);
    }
}

/// Controls whether traverse_nodes may make a recursive call to continue
/// doing work, or whether it should always dispatch work asynchronously.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
enum DispatchMode {
    TailCall,
    NotTailCall,
}

impl DispatchMode {
    fn is_tail_call(&self) -> bool { matches!(*self, DispatchMode::TailCall) }
}

#[inline]
fn traverse_nodes<'a, 'scope, E, D>(nodes: NodeList<E::ConcreteNode>,
                                    mode: DispatchMode,
                                    root: OpaqueNode,
                                    traversal_data: PerLevelTraversalData,
                                    scope: &'a rayon::Scope<'scope>,
                                    traversal: &'scope D,
                                    tls: &'scope ScopedTLS<'scope, D::ThreadLocalContext>)
    where E: TElement + 'scope,
          D: DomTraversal<E>,
{
    debug_assert!(!nodes.is_empty());

    // In the common case, our children fit within a single work unit, in which
    // case we can pass the SmallVec directly and avoid extra allocation.
    if nodes.len() <= WORK_UNIT_MAX {
        if mode.is_tail_call() {
            // If this is a tail call, bypass rayon and invoke top_down_dom directly.
            top_down_dom(&nodes, root, traversal_data, scope, traversal, tls);
        } else {
            // The caller isn't done yet. Append to the queue and return synchronously.
            scope.spawn(move |scope| {
                let nodes = nodes;
                top_down_dom(&nodes, root, traversal_data, scope, traversal, tls);
            });
        }
    } else {
        // FIXME(bholley): This should be an ArrayVec.
        let mut first_chunk: Option<NodeList<E::ConcreteNode>> = None;
        for chunk in nodes.chunks(WORK_UNIT_MAX) {
            if mode.is_tail_call() && first_chunk.is_none() {
                first_chunk = Some(chunk.iter().cloned().collect::<NodeList<E::ConcreteNode>>());
            } else {
                let boxed = chunk.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>().into_boxed_slice();
                let traversal_data_copy = traversal_data.clone();
                scope.spawn(move |scope| {
                    let b = boxed;
                    top_down_dom(&*b, root, traversal_data_copy, scope, traversal, tls)
                });

            }
        }

        // If this is a tail call, bypass rayon for the first chunk and invoke top_down_dom
        // directly.
        debug_assert_eq!(first_chunk.is_some(), mode.is_tail_call());
        if let Some(c) = first_chunk {
            debug_assert_eq!(c.len(), WORK_UNIT_MAX);
            top_down_dom(&*c, root, traversal_data, scope, traversal, tls);
        }
    }
}